Glucosamine is a naturally occurring substance and is an amino sugar and precursor of glycosylated proteins and lipids. It is believed to help develop and renew cartilage (the hard connective tissue mainly located on bones near joints in the body), and keep it lubricated for better joint movement and flexibility.

Collagen is the main structuralproteinin theextracellular matrix in the various connective tissues in the body. As the main component of connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up from 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen consists of amino acids bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril known as a collagen helix. It is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and skin. Over 90% of the collagen in the human body is type I collagen. However, 30 types of collagen have been identified, described, and divided into several groups according to the structure they form: All of the types contain at least one triple helix. The number of types shows collagen's diverse functionality. Collagens are widely employed in the construction of the artificial skin substitutes used in the management of severe burns and wounds. These collagens may be derived from bovine, equine, porcine, or even human sources; and are sometimes used in combination with silicones, glycosaminoglycans, fibroblasts, growth factors and other substances.
When hydrolyzed, collagen is reduced to small peptides, which can be ingested in the form of a dietary supplement or functional foods and beverages with the intent to aid joint and bone health and enhance skin health. Hydrolyzed collagen has a much smaller molecular weight in comparison to native collagen or gelatin. Studies suggest that more than 90% of hydrolyzed collagen is digested and available as small peptides in the blood stream within one hour. From the blood, the peptides (containing hydroxyproline) are transported into the target tissues (e.g., skin, bones, and cartilage), where the peptides act as building blocks for local cells and help boost the production of new collagen fibers.

Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan considered as a symptomatic slow-acting drug for osteoarthritis. Chondroitin sulfate functions as a major component of the intricate extracellular matrix. It is proposed that chondroitin sulfate supply can provide new building blocks for the synthesis of new matrix components. The anti-inflammatory effect of chondroitin sulfate is thought to be caused by the inhibition of the synthesis of inflammatory intermediates such as the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin synthase 1 and prostaglandin E2. It is reported also an inhibitory activity in the toll-like receptor 4 which will later inhibit inflammatory cytokines, NFkB and MyD88. This activity suggests a modulation of the MAP kinase pathway. On the other hand, some reports have pointed out an induction on the PKC/PI3K/Akt pathway in neuroblastoma. Ginger is commonly used for various types of "stomach problems," including motion sickness, morning sickness, colic, upset stomach, gas, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea The anti-inflammatory properties seem to help relieve pain and improve joint function in people who have arthritis. Compounds in ginger may function as a COX-2 inhibitor, similar to how common arthritis medications work to relieve pain.

Vitamin C is needed by the body to form collagen. The body also uses vitamin C to make skin, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels. It also uses this vitamin to repair and maintain cartilage, bones and teeth, to heal wounds and to form scar tissue.

Vitamin E: It is fat soluble Vitamin and is also called as beauty vitamin. Vitamin E shows antioxidant properties, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. Vitamin E may retard the progression of osteoarthritis by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation of the joint..

Folic Acid is a type of B vitamin helps your body produce and maintain new cells, and also helps prevent changes to DNA that may lead to cancer. Folic acid is sometimes used in combination with other medications to treat pernicious, aplastic, or normocytic anaemia.

Vitamin D3 helps your body absorb calcium. Vitamin D3 is used as a dietary supplement in people who do not get enough vitamin D in their diets to maintain adequate health. Vitamin D is used to treat and prevent bone disorders (such as rickets, osteomalacia).

Vitamin B12:
Helps keep the nervous system and red blood cells healthy
Required for the formation of red blood cells and DNA
Important for protein metabolism
B12 might be of some benefit for treating osteoarthritis, particularly in improving joint mobility and hand grip.

Iron is a major component required in synthesis and maintenance of red blood cell and is found useful in conditions like anaemia. Chronic iron deficiency induces bone resorption and risk of osteoporosis, thus complete recovery from anemia and its prevention should be promoted in order to improve quality of life including bone health.

Zinc: It help is synthesis of more than 70 different enzymes. Zinc helps with the bone-building cells of the body (called osteoblasts) do their job as well as counteracting bone resorption. Zinc containing enzymes regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Zinc fastens wound healing; maintain normal growth rates, balance skin hydration and the senses of taste and smell. It assists normal growth and tissue repair. It boosts cell mediated immunity. It is poorly absorbed when given orally. Zinc is well distributed in tissues lik skeletal muscle, skin, bone, pancreas, kidney, liver, retina, prostate, RBC, and WBC. Zinc is mainly excreted through intestine and only 2% loss in the urine.

Manganese: It is essential for enzyme formation and functioning. Manganese is a trace mineral required in small amounts. It’s required for the normal functioning of neurons and many of our body’s enzyme production. Manganese is also required for bone growth, development and maintenance. When combined with other nutrients like calcium, zinc and copper, manganese supports bone mineral density essential feature for geriatric patients. Manganese is a part of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is one of the most important antioxidants in the body as they protect by scavenging free radicals formed. This property of manganese helps in reducing inflammation.

Copper: It is the third most abundant essential trace mineral, and is required as cofactor for many proteins, iron utilization enhancer. Copper, along with amino and fatty acids as well as vitamins, are required for normal metabolic processes. Together with iron, it enables the body to form red blood cells. It helps maintain healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function, and it contributes to iron absorption. It is well orally absorbed.

Selenium: It is a vital antioxidant, along with vitamin E, it helps protect the immune system and maintain healthy heart function. It is required by pancreas for proper functioning and tissue elasticity and has been shown to protect against radiation and toxic minerals. Raised cardiovascular disorders are associated with selenium-deficiency.

Dose should be adjusted in hepatic impairment.
Diabetes
Increased risk of bleeding
Gallstones
Urinary tract infection